In India, it is common to have multiple water tanks supplied by a single pump. The positioning of water tanks overhead in relation to each other creates two main scenarios. The first scenario involves tanks being placed at different heights, with one tank positioned at the top, which we will refer to as the TOP-1+ scenario. The second scenario involves all water tanks being placed at the same level, such as on the same roof, known as the All-in-1 scenario. In this discussion, our focus is on the TOP-1+ water tank scenario, exploring how alarm and automation systems can effectively manage all the water tanks.
Top-1+ Initial State may be represented as depicted in the diagram, featuring water tanks positioned at varying height levels and interconnected by a common water delivery pipe originating from a single pump. Typically, gate valves are installed at each pipe to regulate the water flow to individual tanks, while some sites may also incorporate non-return (NR) valves, as illustrated in the diagram. There are two methods to prepare the site: utilizing the siphon technique or connecting the inlet and outlet of the water tank. The objective is to utilize the delivery pipe to transfer water from the top tank to the lower tanks.
When implementing the Siphon Technique, it is essential to follow these steps:
Ensure that all gate valves remain open at all times.
Install a non-return valve to prevent the backflow of water.
Fit ball cocks inside lower-level tanks to control water inflow.
Place a siphon inside the top water tank by connecting a pipe down into the tank as illustrated in the image. The depth of the siphon should be determined on-site, considering that it will draw water from the top tank until the suction end of the siphon.
Utilizing the Inlet Outlet Link necessitates the use of steps 1, 2, and 3 as specified for the siphon technique. The key distinction lies in withdrawing water from the upper tank's water outlet pipe for lower tanks, as illustrated in the accompanying image. This method proves advantageous in situations where installing a siphon within the water tank poses challenges.
Reason for Utilizing Siphon or Inlet-Outlet Link to Transfer Water from Top Tank to Lower Water Tanks
Water is transferred from the top tank to the lower tanks using a siphon or inlet-outlet link to ensure a consistent water supply even when the motor is not operational. In this system, the lower level tanks receive water from the top tank, and as the water level in the top tank decreases, the pump is activated to replenish it. The pump is triggered by a low-level water sensor in the tank, ensuring a continuous water supply. By regulating the water level in the top tank, the storage levels in all connected water tanks are effectively controlled. It is important to note that all water tanks, with the exception of the top tank, are maintained at full capacity as long as there is water available in the top tank.
With the appropriate readiness in place, we are prepared to proceed with the implementation of a water level alarm or water pump automation system. In such a water storage setup, maintaining the top water tank's water level is crucial. Therefore, we suggest utilizing a water tank alarm to monitor both overflow and low water levels. For optimal outcomes, we recommend the use of fully automatic water pump control.
By incorporating a full tank level water sensor and a low water tank level sensor in the water tank, as illustrated in the diagram, we can ensure the prevention of overflow and eliminate any concerns regarding water shortage. In the case of large housing complexes, societies, and industries, fully automatic water level controls offer the most effective solution for maintaining continuous water supply around the clock without requiring human intervention.
Among the two methods outlined above for managing water tanks at varying height levels, opting for the inlet-outlet connection on the top tank is recommended due to its enhanced reliability. This setup allows for easier access to the inlet and outlet, facilitating plumbing tasks, albeit requiring the assistance of a professional plumber. Conversely, the installation of a siphon is relatively straightforward, involving the insertion of additional piping into the water tank to facilitate water suction (which can be achieved with a tightly clamped plastic pipe on the inlet). However, since the siphon must be placed inside the water tank, ensuring easy access to the inlet within the tank is crucial. A notable drawback of a siphon system is its susceptibility to failure in case of air infiltration resulting from loose connections.
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